How is this calculated?

A team is counted as still in it when at least one set of results for the matches left would put it there, taking into account that its rivals also play each other. It is counted as sure only when no set of results can take it away. Teams level on points are treated cautiously while matches remain: level is enough to stay in, never enough to be sure, because goal difference and the other tie-breaks are only applied once the season is over. Points deductions are included as published in the league table.

Real Madrid led La Liga after matchday 31 of 2023-24.

With 78 points, they were 8 ahead of Barcelona. Out of the race for the top four: Villarreal, Getafe, Osasuna, Las Palmas. Safe from automatic relegation: Real Sociedad, Valencia.

Results

Date	Home	Score	Away
12 Apr	Real Betis	2–1	Celta Vigo
13 Apr	Atlético Madrid	3–1	Girona
13 Apr	Rayo Vallecano	0–0	Getafe
13 Apr	Mallorca	0–1	Real Madrid
13 Apr	Cádiz CF	0–1	Barcelona
14 Apr	Las Palmas	0–2	Sevilla
14 Apr	Granada	2–0	Alavés
14 Apr	Athletic Club	1–1	Villarreal
14 Apr	Real Sociedad	2–2	Almería
15 Apr	Osasuna	0–1	Valencia

Table after matchday 31

Pos.	Team	Played	Goal diff.	Points	Max.	Title
1	Real Madrid	31	+47	78	99	In it
2	Barcelona	31	+28	70	91	In it
3	Girona	31	+24	65	86	In it
4	Atlético Madrid	31	+23	61	82	In it
5	Athletic Club	31	+22	57	78	In it
6	Real Sociedad	31	+12	50	71	Out
7	Valencia	31	+2	47	68	Out
8	Real Betis	31	+1	45	66	Out
9	Villarreal	31	-5	39	60	Out
10	Getafe	31	-6	39	60	Out
11	Osasuna	31	-8	39	60	Out
12	Las Palmas	31	-6	37	58	Out
13	Sevilla	31	-5	34	55	Out
14	Alavés	31	-12	32	53	Out
15	Mallorca	31	-11	31	52	Out
16	Rayo Vallecano	31	-13	31	52	Out
17	Celta Vigo	31	-13	28	49	Out
18	Cádiz CF	31	-20	25	46	Out
19	Granada	31	-28	17	38	Out
20	Almería	31	-32	14	35	Out

Max.: the most points the team can still finish on.

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Quick answers

Who was top of La Liga after matchday 31 of 2023-24?: Real Madrid led La Liga after matchday 31 of 2023-24. With 78 points, they were 8 ahead of Barcelona.
What was decided on matchday 31 of the 2023-24 La Liga?: Out of the race for the top four: Villarreal, Getafe, Osasuna, Las Palmas. Safe from automatic relegation: Real Sociedad, Valencia.
How is this calculated?: A team is counted as still in it when at least one set of results for the matches left would put it there, taking into account that its rivals also play each other. It is counted as sure only when no set of results can take it away. Teams level on points are treated cautiously while matches remain: level is enough to stay in, never enough to be sure, because goal difference and the other tie-breaks are only applied once the season is over. Points deductions are included as published in the league table.